Environmental Adaptation Model


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Environmental Adaptation Model

Florence Nightingale

1820 - 1910

Florence Nightingale set out to define nursing. Although her approach is deceptively simple (what nursing is and what it is not), the implications of her theoretical work are profound and have relevant meaning today at many levels of nursing practice. At the literal level, we can say that Nightingale believed nursing is about Environmental Manipulation, Nutrition, and Conservation of Patient Energy. Further, she also tells us what nursing is not: Nursing is not limited to, nor defined by medical acts.

(Extract taken from: VSU College of Nursing Florence Nightingale Page)

Nightingale’s systemic approach to health care (with a major role for prevention, clean air and water, decent housing and good infant care), a range of institutions from hospitals to convalescent hospitals and long-term care facilities for persons with incurable diseases or disabilities.
Florence Nightingale, who is universally recognised as the founder of modern nursing, died in 1910 at the age of 90 years.

Website:

Biographical information on Nightingale. Insight to family and other influences. Good history site. Spartacus Education.
Website of the biography ‘ Florence Nightingale. Avenging Angel‘. Hugh Small.
Collected Works of Florence Nightingale. A project collecting published and unpublished writings and identifying sources of quotations, etc: University of Guelph.
Tribute to Florence Nightingale. Country Joe McDonald. Excellent history, data and links.

Florence Nightingale Foundation, London, UK.
Florence Nightingale Letters at the University of Kansas. (Includes recent purchased letters).
Florence Nightingale Page. Martin Schiavenato. Valdosta State University College of Nursing, Georgia.
Florence Nightingale’s Grave Site. (The headstone is marked simply ‘FN’). American Society for the History of Nursing.
Nightingale’s Methematical Education. Sally Lipsey (Reprint). Agnes Scott College.
Nightingale’s use of Statistics in the Crimean War. Cynthia Audain. Agnes Scott College.
Paper on Rural Hygiene
The Florence Nightingale Museum, UK

Selected Publications:

Nightingale, F. (1859). Notes on nursing: What it is, and what it is not. London: Harrison.
Barritt, E. R. (1973). Florence Nightingale’s values and modern nursing education. Nursing Forum, 12(1), 7-47.
Palmer, I. S. (1983). Nightingale revisited. Nursing Outlook, 31(4), 229-233.
Monteiro, L. A. (1985). Florence Nightingale on public health nursing. American Journal of Public Health, 75, 181-186.
Gropper, E. I. (1990). Florence Nightingale: Nursing’s first environmental theorist. Nursing Forum, 25(3), 30-33.
Decker, B., & Farley, J. K. (1991). What would Nightingale say? Nurse Educator, 16(3), 12-13.
Widerquist, J. G. (1992). The spirituality of Florence Nightingale. Nursing Research, 41(1), 49-55.
Selanders, L. C. (1995). Florence Nightingale: An environmental adaptation theory. In C. M. McQuiston, & A. A.Webb (Eds.). Foundations of nursing theory: Contributions of 12 key theorists (pp. 415-456). Thousand Oaks, CA Sage Publications.
Reed, P. G., & Zurakowski, T. L. (1996). Nightingale: Foundations of nursing. In J. J. Fitzpatrick & A. L. Whall (Eds.). Conceptual models of nursing: Analysis and application (3rd ed., pp. 27-54). Stamford, CT: Appleton & Lange

Last Edited: Monday March 21, 2005